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Forests are expected to play an important role in preventing global warming because plants absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. In the forest, methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, is also exchanged. Although the forest’s ability to absorb greenhouse gases is expected and the importance of forest conservation has been pointed out, the global forest area continues to decline. Since I felt a sense of crisis about the impact of rapid land use changes due to human activities on the climate, I started this study in order to clarify the actual state of the gas exchange function of forests through observations. To clarify the role of forests in the global carbon cycle, it is necessary to continue observations of gas exchanges and environmental factors in the field over the long term. If we can quantitatively evaluate forest functions rather than capturing them in terms of images, I believe that we can provide information that will serve as a new index when considering the use and conservation of forests.